The Parabuthus transvaalicus is one of the largest scorpions in the family Buthidae. It is one of the most venomous scorpions in Southern Africa and is especially dangerous to children. This scorpion has relatively small pincers and is known for its ability to spray venom over 1 metre as its main defence. This hairy species of scorpion grows to a length of 12 - 14cm and they are commonly seen in black and brown or chocolate-brown colours. This species is a desert/scrubland scorpion and is found in Botswana, South Africa, Zimbabwe and Mozambique under logs and stones as well as in thatched roofs.